Abstract: Population genetics of Dotted gizzard shad （Konosirus punctatus） collected from Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters were studied based on the mitochondrial DNA control region segments. High haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity were detected among 4 populations. Significant genealogical structure corresponding to sampling locations was found neither in neighbor-joining tree nor in minimum spanning network. Results of AMOVA and pair-wise F_st revealed no significant genetic differentiation and structure among 4 populations. Both mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests indicated that the fish had experienced a recent population expansion， and the expanding time might be nearly 52，900 years ago in the late Pleistocene. The fish has the genetic homogeneity among 4 populations， which was mostly caused by the long planktonic period and oceanographic currents in Taiwan Strait. It further suggests that Dotted gizzard shad in the related waters should be evaluated and managed as same germplasm resources and protection unit．