Abstract: Trawl investigation was undertaken at 31 stations in and around “Changle Mactra antiquata Resource Breeding Protected Area of Fujian”. A total of 45 species were recorded including crustaceans (21 species), shellfishes (14 species) and fishes (10 species). The average biomass and abundance were 975.68 kg/km²(0-23 384.53）and 2.983×10⁴ ind./km²(0-59.607×10⁴), respectively. M. antiquata, as dominant species, had a high value of IRI (index of relative importance) which was only next to that of Psammacoma gubernaculum. M. antiquata stock mainly concerned in the protected area where the biomass and frequency of occurrence were higher than the surrounding area. The age class of M. antiquata was widely distributed with a reasonable population age structure. Most individuals were sexually matured, indicating that the population had a great potential for sustainable development. The M. antiquata population had significantly increased and distributed in a wider area compared with the population in 2012 although it had not recovered to the level of 2006. In summary, the defined scope of the protected area is reasonable and the stock protection is markedly effective accordingly as different levels of prohibition and capture control were implemented in different sub-areas. Since 2011, a total of 2 530 700 seedling individuals have been released for the stock enhancement, which contributed greatly to the restoration and protection of M. antiquata population.