Abstract: The main physical and chemical indicators of soil were measured in field investigation combineo with the belt transect and sample methods. Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis and least significant difference (LSD) multiple comparison based on SPSS 24.0 were used to study the statistical characteristics of soil physical measured and chemical properties and influencing factors on Xiaoqin Island. The average soil gravel ratio and water content are 20.04% and 7.35%, respectively. The average values of ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and organic matter are 23.67, 212.77, 16.15mg/kg and 28.34 g/kg, respectively, which is cdassified as the fifth, first, third and third grade, respectively. However, most of soil belongs to the third grade. Organic matter correlated positively in high significants with water content, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus. The physical and chemical properties of soil are mainly affected by vegetation and aspect. This profound study on one of Miaodao Islands is aimed to provide knowlege for the ecological protection and development of the island.