| 摘要: |
| 广西涠洲岛地处世界珊瑚礁分布的北缘，其造礁石珊瑚具有较高的生态价值和科学研究价值，然而近30年来涠洲岛的造礁石珊瑚资源呈逐年下降趋势，正面临生物多样性衰退和生态服务功能下降的威胁。本研究针对涠洲岛珊瑚礁生态衰退区域，参照珊瑚礁生态恢复潜力评估决策流程进行恢复可行性评估和恢复策略探讨。结果显示，该区域有造礁石珊瑚5科10属21种；表征海水水质质量的6项指标均在 I类水质标准范围，且常年处于贫营养化；大型海藻覆盖率不足1.00%，90.00%以上的珊瑚礁鱼类为杂食性，且该鱼类种群结构有利于调控大型海藻的暴发性生长，与大型藻类和浮游动植物的多样性相适应，适宜珊瑚生长。但该区域造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率仅有5.60%，底质类型57.27%为礁石，34.30%的底质为非稳定的碎石和砂，珊瑚幼体补充量平均为3.17 ind/m2，珊瑚幼体更新缓慢。以上结果表明，涠洲岛珊瑚礁具有一定的自然恢复潜力，但珊瑚覆盖率低、幼体补充量少以及部分底质结构不稳定是限制涠洲岛珊瑚礁自然恢复的主要因素，需要加强人工干预。在减少人类活动干扰的前提下，适时进行园艺式培育珊瑚苗种、批量珊瑚原位种植和构建人工珊瑚礁立体生境景观应是涠洲岛珊瑚礁生态衰退区的主要人工恢复策略。 |
| 关键词: 海洋生物学 珊瑚礁 生态恢复 可行性评估 恢复策略 涠洲岛 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2023.02.007 |
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| 基金项目:珊瑚礁恢复示范工程（XFEZFG2016035）；广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室基金(GKLMC-20A02，GKLMC-20A09，GKLMC-22A06)；广西重点研发计划（桂科AB19245045） |
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| Feasibility assessment and strategies of coral reef ecological restoration in Weizhou Island |
| LAN Junnan,YANG Yanhua,WANG Xin,HE Jingke,LUO Wenwen,LIN Mingqing,NIU Wentao |
| (Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Nanning 530000, China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization,Beihai 536000, China;Beihai Forestry Research Institute, Beihai 536000, China;Management Station of Coral Reef National Ocean Park of Guangxi Weizhou Island, Beihai 536000, China;Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The scleractinian corals in Weizhou Island，Guangxi province, are mostly located in the northernmost edge of global coral reef distribution, which has significant ecological and scientific values. However, coral reefs in Weizhou Island have declined yearly in recent 30 years and they are facing with the threat of biodiversity declination and malfunction island ecosystem, the feasibility assessment and restoration strategy were discussed according to the decision-making process. The results showed that there were 21 species of scleractinian corals belonging to 10 genera and 5 families. All six indicators of seawater quality fell into the class I by the water quality standard of China. The interannual variation of marine eutrophication index showed it was in the oligotrophic status. The coverage rate of macroalgae was less than 1.00%, and more than 90.00% of coral reef fish were omnivorous. The fish population structure was suitable for the diversity of macroalgae, which is proper for scleractinian corals growth. However, the average coverage rate of the scleractinian corals in this area was only 5.60%. It showed that 57.27% of the submarine bed covered with reef, 34.30% with unstable gravel and sand, and the regeneration of coral larvae was very slow with an average of 3.17 ind/m2. The results indicate that Weizhou Island has a good potential for coral reef restoration, but the low coral coverage and low coral juvenile recruitment and unstable sediment structure are the main factors that limit the natural restoration. To establish the coral reef ecological restoration technology, a system of “juvenile coral breeding coral cultivation in situ artificial coral reef three-dimensional habitat construction” shall be established, That is on the premise of reducing the interference of human activities, the main artificial restoration strategies for the coral reef decline area in Weizhou Island should be to cultivate coral seedlings timely, plant batch coral in situ and build three-dimensional habitat landscape of artificial coral reefs. |
| Key words: marine biology coral reef ecosystem restoration feasibility assessment restoration strategy Weizhou Island |
