| 摘要: |
| 为缓解海南岛东海岸海草床的持续退化，在高隆湾光滩区采用单株定距移植法移植泰来草（Thalassia hemprichii）及海菖蒲（Enhalus acoroides）进行海草床修复研究，修复面积约为1 000 m2。结果表明，采用铁架加网的修复方式，泰来草1 a后平均成活率为56.39%，其成活率在移植7个月后下降比较明显，容易被掩埋；由于其植株高大，受风浪影响较小，海菖蒲移植1 a后其成活率为88.75%。泰来草比海菖蒲明显容易生根出芽，其新分枝率比海菖蒲高很多，移植1 a后，其斑块平均新分枝率达到22.64%，海菖蒲仅为3.13%；由于海菖蒲植株高大，且不易死亡，其平均盖度为21.90%，远远高于泰来草（4.25%）。由椰子壳、竹筐及泥框作为移植固定修复方式，其修复成活率、新分枝率、盖度及美观程度远远低于铁架加网的修复方式。修复效果优劣为：铁架加网>竹筐>泥框>椰子壳。高隆湾海草床修复的主要影响因素为水动力及悬沙、修复品种、人工岛及人为活动（捕鱼）等的影响。为确保修复效果，本研究提出在我国南方底质为珊瑚礁碎屑及潮汐动能较大的开放水域，宜选用海菖蒲及泰来草相互间隔单株移植，并竖立警示及标识牌，雇佣当地渔民看护，定期监测及管理，加强海草床群落结构及生物功能提升方面的研究等建议，可为今后其他开放水域海草床修复提供基础数据及理论支撑。 |
| 关键词: 海洋环境科学 海草 移植 修复 效果评估 高隆湾 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2021.01.007 |
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| 基金项目:海南省重点研发计划资助项目(ZDYF2020195）；国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC0506104)；中央引导地方科技发展专项资金资助项目(ZY2019HN03)；清澜港5000吨级航道扩建填海造地项目生态环境整治修复资助项目 |
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| Restoration effect and influencing factors of seagrass bed in Gaolong Bay, Hainan |
| CHEN Shi-quan,CAI Ze-fu,SHEN Jie,WU Zhong-jie,CHEN Yi-zhong,WANG Dao-ru |
| (Key laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources (Hainan Tropical Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Sanya 572022, China;Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 570125, China;Hainan Zhongkun Yu’an Investment Co., Ltd., Wenchang 571300, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to alleviate the degradation of seagrass bed on the east coast of Hainan Island,Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were transplanted by single plant with fixed distance to a 1 000 m2 bare beach in Gaolong Bay. When using iron frames and nets to fix the transplanted seagrass, the average survival rate of T. hemprichii was 56.39% one year after the transplantation. The survival rate decreased sharply after seven months of transplantation as the plants were buried easily. In contrast, a taller E. acoroides was less affected by the waves and its one-year survaival rate was 88.75%. However,T. hemprichii took roots and spouted easily and had higher branching rate than E. acoroides. One year after transplantation, the average branching rate of T. hemprichii was 22.64%,which was much higher than that of E. acoroides (3.13%) though the tougher E. acoroides had a higher coverage rate (21.90%) than T. Hemprichii. When using coconut shell, bamboo basket, or mud frame to fix the seagrass, the survival rate, branching rate, and coverage rate were much lower than the previous method. The performance of the restoration was affected by the hydrodynamics, suspended sediments, seagrass species, aritificial island, and anthropogenic activities. To mantain a good effect of restoration, this study proposed that T. hemprichii andE. acoroides be suitable for the transplantation in open waters where the sediments of coral reef detritus has stronger tidal currents. Besides, warning signs should be set up and the transplanted seagrass guarded. Regular monitoring and maintenances of community structure and functions are also discussed. This study can provide basic data and theory for future seagrass restoration in open waters. |
| Key words: marine environmental science seagrass transplantation restoration effectiveness evaluation Gaolong Bay |
