| 摘要: |
| 滨海核电等核技术应用发展迅速，我国滨海放射性风险评价的需求和应用前景日益突出。本研究根据生态风险评价的“迭代”思路、放射性生态风险评价的方法以及相对风险评价模型与敏感性评价在区域风险评价中的应用，结合我国海洋放射性监测与生态效应评价现状，初步提出了基于“分级评价”的海洋放射性风险综合评估框架，包含了风险排查、风险分析、风险决策3个层级的评价方法，建立了基于海洋放射性区域相对风险评价模型的风险决策方法，为不同时期、不同工况、不同数据情况提供全面的评价支撑。针对我国海洋放射性监测与评价基础数据不足的现状，建议加强海洋放射性基线调查、海洋放射生态毒理学以及风险评估与管理方法研究，为科学准确评估我国的海洋放射性风险提供数据与理论基础。 |
| 关键词: 海洋环境科学 海洋放射性 风险评价方法 分级评价 相对风险评价模型 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2020.03.015 |
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| 基金项目:自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（海三科2017018）;科技部海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目（201505005） |
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| Framework and methods of marine radioactive risk assessment based on grading evaluation |
| XU Hong-ni,YU Tao,JI Jian-da,NI Jia-lin |
| (Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The demand and application prospects of marine radioactive risk assessment in China have become increasingly prominent with rapid applications of nuclear technology such as coastal nuclear power plants. According to the iterative thinking of ecological risk assessment, the methodology of radioactivity risk assessment, the model of relative risk assessment and the application of sensitivity assessment in the regional risk assessment, in combinations with the current situation of marine radioactivity monitoring and ecological impact evaluation in China, this paper proposes preliminarily a comprehensive framework for marine radioactive risk assessment based on grading evaluation, which is composed of a three layer assessments including risk screening, risk analysis and risk decision. Based on the relative risk model of radioactivity in sea areas, the established risk decision making method provides assessment support under different time periods, different working conditions and different data. Finally, due to the lack of basic data in marine radioactive risk assessment in China, it is necessary to strengthen the survey of marine radioactive baseline and the researches of marine radioactive ecotoxicology for scientific and accurate assessments of marine radioactive risk. |
| Key words: marine environmental science marine radioactivity risk assessment method grading evaluation relative risk model |
