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| 广东汕头湾表层沉积物重金属含量分布及风险评价 |
| 赵晨辉,胡佶,李发明,刘凌峰,陆文平,付静,周军,李冀刚 |
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| (国家海洋局汕尾海洋环境监测中心站，广东 汕尾 516600;自然资源部第二海洋研究所，浙江 杭州 310012) |
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| 摘要: |
| 汕头湾地处汕头东部，是珠三角经济区和海峡西岸经济区重要的海上交通枢纽。因受周边城镇、养殖区排污等影响，汕头湾的海洋环境已受污染，生态健康问题不容忽视。沉积物中重金属是反映区域环境质量的重要因子，本研究通过测定汕头湾海域29个表层沉积物样品中重金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、As含量，分析了各元素的平面分布特征，并运用主成分分析法（PCA）、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对该区域沉积物中重金属的来源及潜在生态风险进行了探讨。结果表明：汕头湾海域表层沉积物的金属含量变化范围为CZn（15.3～280.4 mg/kg）、CCu（2.0～84.6 mg/kg）、CCr（3.0～130.8 mg/kg）、CCd（0.05～1.07 mg/kg）、CPb（12.97～39.31 mg/kg）、CHg（0.008～0.171 mg/kg）、CAs（1.60～16.50 mg/kg），榕江入海口处为重金属元素的高值区，在拦沙堤的两侧，元素Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd的含量差别较大。相关性分析和主成分分析结果显示，重金属具有相同污染来源，工业废水和城市排污等人类活动输入是主要途径，其分布特征受有机碳、硫化物及细粒级组分等环境因子的影响。地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法的结果表明，在榕江入海口附近区域，重金属表现出强的生态风险，而拦沙堤东侧海域为轻微生态风险， Hg、Cu、Cd是主要污染元素。 |
| 关键词: 海洋化学 重金属 沉积物 分布特征 生态风险评价 汕头湾 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2020.03.012 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC1402405) |
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| Ecological risk assessment on heavy metals in surface sediments of Shantou Bay， Guangdong Province |
| ZHAO Chen-hui,HU Ji,LI Fa-ming,LIU Ling-feng,LU Wen-ping,FU Jing,ZHOU Jun,LI Ji-gang |
| (Shanwei Marine Environmental Monitoring Center， SOA， Shanwei 516600， China;Second Institute of Oceanography， MNR， Hangzhou 310012， China) |
| Abstract: |
| The contents of heavy metals Zn， Cu， Cr， Cd， Pb， Hg and As in 29 samples of surface sediments from Shantou Bay in Guangdong Province in 2018 were measured and their ecological risks were assessed with Geoaccumulation index and Hakansons potential ecological risk index. Also， the distribution characteristics and sources of the selected heavy metals were analyzed with multivariate statistical methods. Results show that the contents of heavy metals Zn， Cu， Cr， Cd， Pb， Hg and As varied in ranges of 15.3-280.4， 2.0-84.6， 3.0-130.8， 0.05-1.07， 12.97-39.31， 0.008-0.171 and 1.60-16.50 mg/kg， respectively. The mouth of Rongjiang River estuary has high values of heavy metals， while the contents of Zn， Cu， Cr and Cd are quite different on the two flanks of sand barrier. Results of correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicate that heavy metals in marine sediments are mainly from anthropogenic activities, such as industrial waste water and urban sewage discharges. The distributions of heavy metals are affected by TOC， grain size and sulfide. Geoaccumulation index and Hakansons potential ecological risk index show high ecological risks for heavy metals in areas around the mouth of Rongjiang River. However， the risks are low in the eastside of the sand barrier where Hg， Cu and Cd are major pollutants． |
| Key words: marine chemistry heavy metal sediments distribution characteristics ecological risk assessment Shantou Bay |