| 摘要: |
| 利用渤海湾北岸祥云岛岸基站2017—2018年观测数据和两座梯度测风塔2011—2013年观测资料分别分析了当地海陆风和湍流强度特征，并重点对不同天气系统所致大风条件下的湍流强度特点做了剖析。结果表明：渤海湾北岸海陆风特征明显，昼夜风向主要由SSW向ENE转变，夏季昼夜风向转换尤为显著。整体而言，风速和湍流强度随高度增大分别呈增大、减小趋势，且近海面层湍流强度小于近地层湍流强度。湍流强度具有显著的季节性特征，夏季大、冬季小、春秋季变化不明显，且近海面层湍流强度相对近地层变化平缓。近海面层70 m及以下湍流强度在偏东大风条件下反而比近地层湍流强度大，雷雨大风期间近海面层和近地层均出现湍流强度随高度增大而增大、风速随高度增大而减小的特殊情况，台风靠近风塔时各层风速显著增大、湍流强度变化不明显，但台风中心到达时湍流强度迅速增至峰值，二者时间一致并早于风速最小值出现时间约1 h。近海面层和近地层有8%~10%样本的湍流强度超出了IEC61400设计标准，建议渤海湾北岸风力发电风机抗湍流参数调整至0.43~0.49。 |
| 关键词: 海洋气象学 海陆风 近海面层 近地层 湍流强度 风机 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2020.03.001 |
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| 基金项目:环渤海区域科技协同创新基金资助项目（QYXM201713）;唐山市气象局自立科研课题资助项目（TS201701） |
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| Characteristics of sea land breeze and turbulence intensity on the north shore of Bohai Bay |
| LONG Qiang,WANG Feng,WANG Chang,MI Xin-yue |
| (Cafeidian Meteorological Bureau of Tangshan, Tangshan 063200, China; Marine Meteorological Detection Test Base of Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei, Tangshan 063200, China;Cafeidian Meteorological Bureau of Tangshan, Tangshan 063200, China; Tangshan Meteorological Bureau, Tangshan 063000, China; Marine Meteorological Detection Test Base of Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei, Tangshan 063200, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the data from the Xiangyun Island Observatory in 2017 and 2018 and two gradient wind towers from 2011 to 2013, the sea-land breeze and turbulence intensity on the northern Bohai Bay are studied with aim to understand the characteristics of turbulence intensity under strong wind conditions in different weather systems. Results show that the characteristics of sea-land breeze on the northern Bohai Bay are obvious during the turning of day and night wind directions from SSW to ENE, which is more significant in summer. Overall, wind speed increases and turbulence intensity decreases with height. The turbulence intensity in the near-sea layer is smaller than that in the near-surface layer. Seasonal turbulence intensities are evidently characterized by higher value in summer and lower value in winter and no obvious changes in spring and autumn. The changes of turbulence intensity are more flat in the near-sea layer than in the near-surface layer. The turbulence intensity at 70 m and below on the near-sea layer is stronger than that on the near-surface layer during easterly strong winds. The turbulence intensities of the near-sea layer and the near-surface layer increase and wind speed decrease with height, especially during the thunderstorm. When typhoon is approaching to the wind tower, the wind speed at each layer increases significantly while the turbulence intensity changes insignificantly. However, the turbulence intensity rapidly increases to the peak at the arrival of typhoon center, which is one hour earlier than the appearance of minimum wind speed. About 8%-10% turbulence intensity samples, which were from the near-sea and the near-surface layers, exceed the IEC-61400 design standard. It is recommended that the antiturbulence parameters of wind turbines on the northern Bohai Bay be adjusted to 0.43-0.49. |
| Key words: marine meteorology sea-land breeze near-sea layer near-surface layer turbulence intensity wind turbine |
