| 摘要: |
| 根据2014年8月福建安海湾9个站位表层沉积物中６种重金属的含量调查，探讨它们的分布趋势，对重金属含量进行单因子指数评价，同时对该海域污染程度进行潜在生态危害评价．结果表明，该海域表层沉积物中重金属Ｃｕ含量范围11.4～123.0μｇ／ｇ，平均值55.3μｇ／ｇ；Ｐｂ含量范围18.4～39.8μｇ／ｇ，平均值34.7μｇ／ｇ；Ｚｎ含量范围31.8～173.0μｇ／ｇ，平均值100.0μｇ／ｇ；Ｃｄ含量范围0.06～0.36μｇ／ｇ，平均值0.14μｇ／ｇ；Ａｓ含量范围4.01～9.60μｇ／ｇ，平均值6.67μｇ／ｇ；Ｈｇ含量范围0.005～0.115μｇ／ｇ，平均值0.036μｇ／ｇ．含量分布呈现从湾顶向湾内及湾口逐渐降低，以ＡＨ１站和ＡＨ５站为最高值；Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｈｇ含量均符合海洋沉积物质量标准的第一类要求，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ 含量符合沉积物质量标准第一类要求的站位各占了44.4％和77.8％，各元素之间呈明显正相关． 单项潜在生态危害系数Ｃｄ＞Ｈｇ＞Ａｓ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｚｎ，潜在生态危害指数评价ＡＨ１站属于强生态危害，ＡＨ５站为中等生态危害，余下各站点为轻微生态危害，重金属Ｃｄ的潜在生态危害最大．ＡＨ１站靠近湾顶陆源排污口，ＡＨ５站靠近东石陆源排污口，污染强度较其他站位大很多．安海湾表层沉积环境已受到不同程度的重金属污染，近海工业活动和陆源污染物排放是安海湾重金属污染的主要来源．因而，严格控制入海河流和近海经济活动的重金属污染排放，对保障安海湾沉积物的生态环境至关重要． |
| 关键词: 海洋化学 表层沉积物 重金属 潜在生态危害 安海湾 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:福建省社会发展重点资助项目（2013Y0009） |
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| Distribution characteristics of heavy metals concentration
in surface sediments of Anhai Bay |
| CHEN Yanmei,HUANG Zhiwei,CHEN Kai,WU Hao,ZHANG Fan |
| (Fujian Institute of Oceanography.Xiamen 361013 .China) |
| Abstract: |
| Based on the investigation on 6 heavy metals(Cu 、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg) at 9 sites in Anhai Bay in August2014, the distribution of heavy metals were analyzed, heavy metals content was evaluated with single factor index
method,and pollution level of heavy metal was evaluated with the potential ecological risk index. Results showed that copper (Cu) content was measured between 11.4 and 123.0 g/g with average 55.3 ug/g,lead (Pb) content between 18.4 and 39.8ug/g with average 34.7 ug/g,zinc ( Zn) content between 31.8 and 173.0ug/g with average 100.0ug/g, cadmium (Cd) content between 0.06 and 0.36ug/g with average 0. 14 ug/g,arsenic ( As)
content between 4.01 and 9.60 ug/g with average 6.67ug/g, mercury (Hg) content between 0.005 and 0.115ug/g with average 0.036ug/g. The content of heavy metals decreased gradually from the top of the bay to inner
bay and the bay mouth with the highest value at site AHI and AH5. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Hg were fit in class 1 of the National Marine Sediment Standard. The fitting rate of Cu and Zn to the class 1 is in 44. 4% and77. 8% , respectively. Positive correlations aie evident among the metals. Individual potential Ecological risk coefficient of heavy metals were in sequences of Cd > Hg > As > Cu > Pb > Zn. The potential ecological risk index ( RI)indicates that site AHI was in the strong potential ecological risk, site AH5 was moderately polluted and the remai-ning sites were in the lightly potential ecological risk. Among them heavy mental Cd has the greatest potential eco-logical risk. It suggested that the pollution of heavy metals in site AHI and AH5 is much higher than that in other sites and might be due to many terrigenous pollutants in the top of the bay and the Dongshi outlet. The sediment environment of Anhai Bay has suffered heavy mental pollution in different degree, which indicated that the pollution of heavy metals was probably caused by industrial activities and land source pollution in Anhai Bay. Therefore, it is of great importance to control the discharge of the heavy metal through river inflow and economic activity to protect the ecological environment of the sediments in Anhai Bay. |
| Key words: marine chemistry surface sediment heavy metal potential ecological risk Anhai Bay |
